Depending on what you want to do, you might be able to accomplish this using
a text form field, where the format is (###) ###-#### (for the U.S., for
example).
On the Forms toolbar, click Text Form Field to insert the form field where
you want. Then, double-click the resulting field and set Type to Number,
maximum length to 10, and format to (###) ###-####.
Then, when you protect the document for forms entry, entering 5555555555 and
tabbing out of that field will cause it to be displayed as (555) 555-5555.
Unless you're using a form, however, it's not clear if this will accomplish
what you want.