Paul said:
Kraut said:
Kraut / Larry S. wrote:
I have a Windows XP 32 bit memory limits question
When I got my system it can with 1 GB memory and said it could be
upgraded to 4 and I replaced it with 2 pieces 2 GBs of memory = 4
GB.
Below is is what the system information prog show I have:
OS Name Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition
Version 5.1.2600 Service Pack 3 Build 2600
OS Manufacturer Microsoft Corporation
System Name EMACHINE-7AF6B9
System Manufacturer eMachines
System Model EL1200-06w
System Type X86-based PC
Processor x86 Family 15 Model 127 Stepping 2 AuthenticAMD ~1607
Mhz
BIOS Version/Date Phoenix Technologies, LTD R01-A3, 12/3/2008
SMBIOS Version 2.5
Windows Directory C:\WINDOWS
System Directory C:\WINDOWS\system32
Boot Device \Device\HarddiskVolume1
Locale United States
Hardware Abstraction Layer Version = "5.1.2600.5512
(xpsp.080413-2111)"
User Name EMACHINE-7AF6B9\Larry
Time Zone Eastern Daylight Time
Total Physical Memory 4,096.00 MB
Available Physical Memory 2.12 GB
Total Virtual Memory 2.00 GB
Available Virtual Memory 1.96 GB
Page File Space 4.59 GB \
Page File C:\pagefile.sys
Even though the pack said the strips were each 2 GB system show I am
running 4,096.00 but yet the system seems to be running slow.
Am not sure how to interpet the above memory info. Is it using all
the memory?? Any suggestions or help or interpetations appreciates.
I'm guessing here, but it looks like you may have integrated video
(as
opposed to a separate video board) set to high resolution.
Integrated
video uses system RAM and it can easily suck up 1GB.
Windows also takes close to 1GB for its own use.
What I don't understand is how you have 2GB of virtual memory with
4.5GB of page file. That's contradictory. And you'd have to have
either a 64-bit system or have the /PAE switch in boot.ini on a
32-bit
system to be able to create a 4.5GB page file anyway.
Something is screwed up, no doubt.
Does this E-whatever machine have 4 memory slots? If so, did you
install the 2GB modules in the correct slots? Some machines number
their memory slots:
[1][3] [2][4]
and so the paired modules may need to have an open slot between them.
Check your manual or look for slot numbers on the system board.
If you do have the memory modules in the wrong slots, it could
definitely confuse the system.
George
I just looked inside and there is only 2 memory slots with a 2 GB card
in EACH which should give me a total of 4 GB memory but above shows
4,096.
Thanks all for replies.
One more thing. In Windows task manager it show under Performance,
Physical Memory (K)
Total memory 2881964
Available 2383088 - Flutuates a bit
Ayatem Cache 514992 - Flutuates a bit
Something is using up address space. I would have expected you to see
anywhere between 3.2 and 3.5GB "Total memory".
The value of 2.27GB sounds a little low. There must be some hardware
unaccounted for, or, the integrated video has been set to
use its maximum memory, which is an unnecessary setting.
According to the Emachines specs, they claim 6150SE can only grab
128MB of shared memory, and subtracting 128MB wouldn't get you
down to 2.27GB. Maybe some kind of "remapping" or "memory hoisting"
setting is being used in the BIOS ? Some of those types of settings,
can discard everything above 2.0GB or everything above 3.0GB,
depending on chipset (or a bad BIOS design).
I tried looking in a bunch of manuals using that chipset, but
I can't find a setting like that.
For fun, run GPU-Z and see how much memory the GPU is using.
http://www.techpowerup.com/downloads/1864/TechPowerUp_GPU-Z_v0.4.6.html
Paul
I ran the above and under the sensors tab which has GPU Core Clock,
ETC it says memory used 22MB
Not sure if that is what you were asking about.
My problem is, I'm running out of utilities to test with
Something has degraded the available address space on your hardware
setup. The question is, what utility does a decent job of displaying
what is going on ?
The Microsoft tools, will tell you the results, after the dust settles.
They give a "free memory" figure, and we know your number is abnormally
low. The question is, why isn't more of the memory accessible. I think
your free memory should be somewhere in the 3.2 to 3.5 GB range. With
a Microsoft 32 bit OS, you can't get the entire 4.0GB, since some address
space is needed for system bus accesses, and Microsoft won't enable
PAE properly to make more space available. So the result should be
somewhere in the 3.2 to 3.5GB range. Your graphics hardware has
a BIOS setting, that controls how much UMA (shared memory) is allocated
for its usage. It could be, that the BIOS will allow as much as 128MB
or 256MB to be used by the 6150SE graphics core. But that amount of
memory, doesn't account for your low "free memory" figure.
OK, I have some experiments to run, and I'll post later with
some suggestions. I have to change memory configurations to
do some testing. What I'm going to do, is use "msinfo32" and
the Hardware:Memory tab, with various amounts of memory.
Paul
OK, I've done some experiments, and these can demonstrate how
memory "gets lost".
*******
My memory is normally 2GB physical (2x1GB modules installed). This
is what "msinfo32" reports. The BIOS reports 2GB available,
memory remapping has no effect (because 4GB or more of memory
is not present). I have a 512MB video card installed here,
and 2GB+0.5GB video card+256MB per two busses, is less than
4GB and is not a problem.
2GB memory
0x80000000-0xFFFFFFFF PCI bus OK
0xFC000000-0xFE8FFFFF Intel(R) X38/X48 Express Chipset PCI Express Root Port - 29E9 OK
0xFC000000-0xFE8FFFFF NVIDIA GeForce 7900 GT/GTO OK
0xC0000000-0xDFFFFFFF Intel(R) X38/X48 Express Chipset PCI Express Root Port - 29E9 OK
0xC0000000-0xDFFFFFFF NVIDIA GeForce 7900 GT/GTO OK
0xFD000000-0xFDFFFFFF NVIDIA GeForce 7900 GT/GTO OK
0xFBFFFC00-0xFBFFFFFF Intel(R) ICH9 Family USB2 Enhanced Host Controller - 293C OK
0xFBFF8000-0xFBFFBFFF Microsoft UAA Bus Driver for High Definition Audio OK
0xFAE00000-0xFAEFFFFF Intel(R) ICH9 Family PCI Express Root Port 1 - 2940 OK
0xFEA00000-0xFEAFFFFF Intel(R) ICH9 Family PCI Express Root Port 3 - 2944 OK
0xFEAFC000-0xFEAFFFFF Marvell Yukon 88E8056 PCI-E Gigabit Ethernet Controller OK
0xFE900000-0xFE9FFFFF Intel(R) ICH9 Family PCI Express Root Port 5 - 2948 OK
0xFBFFF800-0xFBFFFBFF Intel(R) ICH9 Family USB2 Enhanced Host Controller - 293A OK
0xFAFFE000-0xFAFFEFFF Hauppauge WinTV 878/9 WDM Video Driver OK
0xFAFFF000-0xFAFFFFFF Hauppauge WinTV 878/9 WDM Aux Driver OK
0xFEBFF800-0xFEBFFFFF VIA OHCI Compliant IEEE 1394 Host Controller OK
0xFED1C000-0xFED1FFFF Motherboard resources OK
0xFED20000-0xFED3FFFF Motherboard resources OK
0xFED50000-0xFED8FFFF Motherboard resources OK
0xFFA00000-0xFFAFFFFF Motherboard resources OK
0xFFA00000-0xFFAFFFFF Intel(R) 82802 Firmware Hub Device OK
0xFFB00000-0xFFBFFFFF Motherboard resources OK
0xFFE00000-0xFFEFFFFF Motherboard resources OK
0xFFE00000-0xFFEFFFFF Intel(R) 82802 Firmware Hub Device OK
0xFFF00000-0xFFFFFFFE Motherboard resources OK
0xFED00000-0xFED003FF High precision event timer OK
0xFFC00000-0xFFDFFFFF Motherboard resources OK
0xFEC00000-0xFEC00FFF Motherboard resources OK
0xFEE00000-0xFEE00FFF Motherboard resources OK
0xFBFFF400-0xFBFFF4FF Intel(R) ICH9 Family SMBus Controller - 2930 OK
0xFED14000-0xFED19FFF System board OK
0xE0000000-0xEFFFFFFF Motherboard resources OK
0x0000-0x9FFFF System board OK
0xA0000-0xBFFFF PCI bus OK
0xA0000-0xBFFFF Intel(R) X38/X48 Express Chipset PCI Express Root Port - 29E9 OK
0xA0000-0xBFFFF NVIDIA GeForce 7900 GT/GTO OK
0xC0000-0xCFFFF System board OK
0xD0000-0xDFFFF PCI bus OK
0xE0000-0xFFFFF System board OK
0x100000-0x7FFFFFFF System board OK
*******
For the next test, I install 2x2GB physical RAM, for 4GB total.
The 512MB PCI express video card is still present. This is
too much hardware for the 4GB address limit of WinXP Pro (x32) SP3.
With remap enabled, the BIOS reports 4096MB detected (because it pushes
the left over RAM, above the 4GB address mark, where only a 64 bit
OS can use it). And this is what Task Manager and msinfo32 report.
This is basically 3GB of RAM, as 1GB of addressing space is
being used for other hardware. (These numbers are only approximate,
because they change too rapidly for me to snapshot them all at
the same time. I suppose I could have used a PrntScrn to get them.)
4GB remap enabled 3144748
Available 2802548
Total 175312
0xC0000000-0xFFFFFFFF PCI bus OK
0xC0000000-0xFFFFFFFF Intel(R) X38/X48 Express Chipset PCI Express Root Port - 29E9 OK
0xC0000000-0xFFFFFFFF NVIDIA GeForce 7900 GT/GTO OK
0xFC000000-0xFE8FFFFF Intel(R) X38/X48 Express Chipset PCI Express Root Port - 29E9 OK
0xFC000000-0xFE8FFFFF NVIDIA GeForce 7900 GT/GTO OK
0xFD000000-0xFDFFFFFF NVIDIA GeForce 7900 GT/GTO OK
0xFBFFFC00-0xFBFFFFFF Intel(R) ICH9 Family USB2 Enhanced Host Controller - 293C OK
0xFBFF8000-0xFBFFBFFF Microsoft UAA Bus Driver for High Definition Audio OK
0xFAE00000-0xFAEFFFFF Intel(R) ICH9 Family PCI Express Root Port 1 - 2940 OK
0xFEA00000-0xFEAFFFFF Intel(R) ICH9 Family PCI Express Root Port 3 - 2944 OK
0xFEAFC000-0xFEAFFFFF Marvell Yukon 88E8056 PCI-E Gigabit Ethernet Controller OK
0xFE900000-0xFE9FFFFF Intel(R) ICH9 Family PCI Express Root Port 5 - 2948 OK
0xFBFFF800-0xFBFFFBFF Intel(R) ICH9 Family USB2 Enhanced Host Controller - 293A OK
0xFAFFE000-0xFAFFEFFF Hauppauge WinTV 878/9 WDM Video Driver OK
0xFAFFF000-0xFAFFFFFF Hauppauge WinTV 878/9 WDM Aux Driver OK
0xFEBFF800-0xFEBFFFFF VIA OHCI Compliant IEEE 1394 Host Controller OK
0xFED1C000-0xFED1FFFF Motherboard resources OK
0xFED20000-0xFED3FFFF Motherboard resources OK
0xFED50000-0xFED8FFFF Motherboard resources OK
0xFFA00000-0xFFAFFFFF Motherboard resources OK
0xFFA00000-0xFFAFFFFF Intel(R) 82802 Firmware Hub Device OK
0xFFB00000-0xFFBFFFFF Motherboard resources OK
0xFFE00000-0xFFEFFFFF Motherboard resources OK
0xFFE00000-0xFFEFFFFF Intel(R) 82802 Firmware Hub Device OK
0xFFF00000-0xFFFFFFFE Motherboard resources OK
0xFED00000-0xFED003FF High precision event timer OK
0xFFC00000-0xFFDFFFFF Motherboard resources OK
0xFEC00000-0xFEC00FFF Motherboard resources OK
0xFEE00000-0xFEE00FFF Motherboard resources OK
0xFBFFF400-0xFBFFF4FF Intel(R) ICH9 Family SMBus Controller - 2930 OK
0xFED14000-0xFED19FFF System board OK
0xE0000000-0xEFFFFFFF Motherboard resources OK
0x0000-0x9FFFF System board OK
0xA0000-0xBFFFF PCI bus OK
0xA0000-0xBFFFF Intel(R) X38/X48 Express Chipset PCI Express Root Port - 29E9 OK
0xA0000-0xBFFFF NVIDIA GeForce 7900 GT/GTO OK
0xC0000-0xCFFFF System board OK
0xD0000-0xDFFFF PCI bus OK
0xE0000-0xFFFFF System board OK
0x100000-0xBFFFFFFF System board OK
*******
Now, if I go back into the BIOS, and disable remapping, the BIOS
on the next POST reports it detected 3072MB of memory. But the other
results remain relatively the same. But this result is not
of any practical significance to the 32 bit OS. The situation
for it, hasn't changed.
4GB remap disabled 3144748
Available 2806940
Total 164600
0xC0000000-0xFFFFFFFF PCI bus OK
0xC0000000-0xFFFFFFFF Intel(R) X38/X48 Express Chipset PCI Express Root Port - 29E9 OK
0xC0000000-0xFFFFFFFF NVIDIA GeForce 7900 GT/GTO OK
0xFC000000-0xFE8FFFFF Intel(R) X38/X48 Express Chipset PCI Express Root Port - 29E9 OK
0xFC000000-0xFE8FFFFF NVIDIA GeForce 7900 GT/GTO OK
0xFD000000-0xFDFFFFFF NVIDIA GeForce 7900 GT/GTO OK
0xFBFFFC00-0xFBFFFFFF Intel(R) ICH9 Family USB2 Enhanced Host Controller - 293C OK
0xFBFF8000-0xFBFFBFFF Microsoft UAA Bus Driver for High Definition Audio OK
0xFAE00000-0xFAEFFFFF Intel(R) ICH9 Family PCI Express Root Port 1 - 2940 OK
0xFEA00000-0xFEAFFFFF Intel(R) ICH9 Family PCI Express Root Port 3 - 2944 OK
0xFEAFC000-0xFEAFFFFF Marvell Yukon 88E8056 PCI-E Gigabit Ethernet Controller OK
0xFE900000-0xFE9FFFFF Intel(R) ICH9 Family PCI Express Root Port 5 - 2948 OK
0xFBFFF800-0xFBFFFBFF Intel(R) ICH9 Family USB2 Enhanced Host Controller - 293A OK
0xFAFFE000-0xFAFFEFFF Hauppauge WinTV 878/9 WDM Video Driver OK
0xFAFFF000-0xFAFFFFFF Hauppauge WinTV 878/9 WDM Aux Driver OK
0xFEBFF800-0xFEBFFFFF VIA OHCI Compliant IEEE 1394 Host Controller OK
0xFED1C000-0xFED1FFFF Motherboard resources OK
0xFED20000-0xFED3FFFF Motherboard resources OK
0xFED50000-0xFED8FFFF Motherboard resources OK
0xFFA00000-0xFFAFFFFF Motherboard resources OK
0xFFA00000-0xFFAFFFFF Intel(R) 82802 Firmware Hub Device OK
0xFFB00000-0xFFBFFFFF Motherboard resources OK
0xFFE00000-0xFFEFFFFF Motherboard resources OK
0xFFE00000-0xFFEFFFFF Intel(R) 82802 Firmware Hub Device OK
0xFFF00000-0xFFFFFFFE Motherboard resources OK
0xFED00000-0xFED003FF High precision event timer OK
0xFFC00000-0xFFDFFFFF Motherboard resources OK
0xFEC00000-0xFEC00FFF Motherboard resources OK
0xFEE00000-0xFEE00FFF Motherboard resources OK
0xFBFFF400-0xFBFFF4FF Intel(R) ICH9 Family SMBus Controller - 2930 OK
0xFED14000-0xFED19FFF System board OK
0xE0000000-0xEFFFFFFF Motherboard resources OK
0x0000-0x9FFFF System board OK
0xA0000-0xBFFFF PCI bus OK
0xA0000-0xBFFFF Intel(R) X38/X48 Express Chipset PCI Express Root Port - 29E9 OK
0xA0000-0xBFFFF NVIDIA GeForce 7900 GT/GTO OK
0xC0000-0xCFFFF System board OK
0xD0000-0xDFFFF PCI bus OK
0xE0000-0xFFFFF System board OK
0x100000-0xBFFFFFFF System board OK
*******
OK, now I leave the 4GB of memory installed, remove the
512MB PCI Express video card, and install a 128MB FX5200 PCI video card.
This should drop the address space needed for the PCI Express bus.
The BIOS reports 3584MB detected (since remap remains disabled for
this run).
4GB remap disabled 3669036 <--- value in Task Manager
Available 3337604
Total 159088
In the results here, you can notice the space allocated for the
PCI bus has changed, as well as a couple root ports have gone
missing. And that is because the PCI Express video card was replaced.
0xE0000000-0xFFFFFFFF PCI bus OK
0xE0000000-0xFFFFFFFF Motherboard resources OK
0xFCDFFC00-0xFCDFFFFF Intel(R) ICH9 Family USB2 Enhanced Host Controller - 293C OK
0xFCDF8000-0xFCDFBFFF Microsoft UAA Bus Driver for High Definition Audio OK
0xFFE00000-0xFFEFFFFF Intel(R) ICH9 Family PCI Express Root Port 1 - 2940 OK
0xFFE00000-0xFFEFFFFF Motherboard resources OK
0xFFE00000-0xFFEFFFFF Intel(R) 82802 Firmware Hub Device OK
0xFCF00000-0xFCFFFFFF Intel(R) ICH9 Family PCI Express Root Port 3 - 2944 OK
0xFCFFC000-0xFCFFFFFF Marvell Yukon 88E8056 PCI-E Gigabit Ethernet Controller OK
0xFCE00000-0xFCEFFFFF Intel(R) ICH9 Family PCI Express Root Port 5 - 2948 OK
0xFCDFF800-0xFCDFFBFF Intel(R) ICH9 Family USB2 Enhanced Host Controller - 293A OK
0xFD000000-0xFDFFFFFF NVIDIA GeForce FX 5200 OK
0xF0000000-0xF7FFFFFF NVIDIA GeForce FX 5200 OK
0xFBFFE000-0xFBFFEFFF Hauppauge WinTV 878/9 WDM Video Driver OK
0xFBFFF000-0xFBFFFFFF Hauppauge WinTV 878/9 WDM Aux Driver OK
0xFEBDF800-0xFEBDFFFF VIA OHCI Compliant IEEE 1394 Host Controller OK
0xFED1C000-0xFED1FFFF Motherboard resources OK
0xFED20000-0xFED3FFFF Motherboard resources OK
0xFED50000-0xFED8FFFF Motherboard resources OK
0xFFA00000-0xFFAFFFFF Motherboard resources OK
0xFFA00000-0xFFAFFFFF Intel(R) 82802 Firmware Hub Device OK
0xFFB00000-0xFFBFFFFF Motherboard resources OK
0xFFF00000-0xFFFFFFFE Motherboard resources OK
0xFED00000-0xFED003FF High precision event timer OK
0xFFC00000-0xFFDFFFFF Motherboard resources OK
0xFEC00000-0xFEC00FFF Motherboard resources OK
0xFEE00000-0xFEE00FFF Motherboard resources OK
0xFCDFF400-0xFCDFF4FF Intel(R) ICH9 Family SMBus Controller - 2930 OK
0xFED14000-0xFED19FFF System board OK
0x0000-0x9FFFF System board OK
0xA0000-0xBFFFF PCI bus OK
0xA0000-0xBFFFF NVIDIA GeForce FX 5200 OK
0xC0000-0xCFFFF System board OK
0xD0000-0xDFFFF PCI bus OK
0xE0000-0xFFFFF System board OK
0x100000-0xDFFFFFFF System board OK
*******
If I enable remap, with the 512MB PCI Express card removed,
128MB FX5200 PCI video card installed, the BIOS reports 4096MB detected.
But the RAM is split in two pieces - 3.5GB the 32 bit OS can see,
plus 0.5GB moved above the 4GB address mark (where a 32 bit OS
can't get to it, or at least a broken 32 bit OS can't get to it).
There is a slight difference in the numbers here, because the
Nvidia driver is gradually getting sorted out after a couple
reboots. Both video cards are Nvidia, and I didn't uninstall/reinstall
any drivers. In any case, the details from msinfo32 haven't changed.
4GB remap enabled 3669036
Available 3316172
Total 179000 (I think the Nvidia software loaded itself this time)
0xE0000000-0xFFFFFFFF PCI bus OK
0xE0000000-0xFFFFFFFF Motherboard resources OK
0xFCDFFC00-0xFCDFFFFF Intel(R) ICH9 Family USB2 Enhanced Host Controller - 293C OK
0xFCDF8000-0xFCDFBFFF Microsoft UAA Bus Driver for High Definition Audio OK
0xFFE00000-0xFFEFFFFF Intel(R) ICH9 Family PCI Express Root Port 1 - 2940 OK
0xFFE00000-0xFFEFFFFF Motherboard resources OK
0xFFE00000-0xFFEFFFFF Intel(R) 82802 Firmware Hub Device OK
0xFCF00000-0xFCFFFFFF Intel(R) ICH9 Family PCI Express Root Port 3 - 2944 OK
0xFCFFC000-0xFCFFFFFF Marvell Yukon 88E8056 PCI-E Gigabit Ethernet Controller OK
0xFCE00000-0xFCEFFFFF Intel(R) ICH9 Family PCI Express Root Port 5 - 2948 OK
0xFCDFF800-0xFCDFFBFF Intel(R) ICH9 Family USB2 Enhanced Host Controller - 293A OK
0xFD000000-0xFDFFFFFF NVIDIA GeForce FX 5200 OK
0xF0000000-0xF7FFFFFF NVIDIA GeForce FX 5200 OK
0xFBFFE000-0xFBFFEFFF Hauppauge WinTV 878/9 WDM Video Driver OK
0xFBFFF000-0xFBFFFFFF Hauppauge WinTV 878/9 WDM Aux Driver OK
0xFEBDF800-0xFEBDFFFF VIA OHCI Compliant IEEE 1394 Host Controller OK
0xFED1C000-0xFED1FFFF Motherboard resources OK
0xFED20000-0xFED3FFFF Motherboard resources OK
0xFED50000-0xFED8FFFF Motherboard resources OK
0xFFA00000-0xFFAFFFFF Motherboard resources OK
0xFFA00000-0xFFAFFFFF Intel(R) 82802 Firmware Hub Device OK
0xFFB00000-0xFFBFFFFF Motherboard resources OK
0xFFF00000-0xFFFFFFFE Motherboard resources OK
0xFED00000-0xFED003FF High precision event timer OK
0xFFC00000-0xFFDFFFFF Motherboard resources OK
0xFEC00000-0xFEC00FFF Motherboard resources OK
0xFEE00000-0xFEE00FFF Motherboard resources OK
0xFCDFF400-0xFCDFF4FF Intel(R) ICH9 Family SMBus Controller - 2930 OK
0xFED14000-0xFED19FFF System board OK
0x0000-0x9FFFF System board OK
0xA0000-0xBFFFF PCI bus OK
0xA0000-0xBFFFF NVIDIA GeForce FX 5200 OK
0xC0000-0xCFFFF System board OK
0xD0000-0xDFFFF PCI bus OK
0xE0000-0xFFFFF System board OK
0x100000-0xDFFFFFFF System board OK
*******
Now, I was tempted to do another run, where I disabled the PCI Express
LAN chip, disabled the PCI Express IDE controller, such that all PCI
Express devices were disabled. I think this may have got me 3.75GB free.
But if I had done that test, Windows activation would have kicked in,
and I'd be asked to re-activate. And I didn't feel like doing that.
*******
So I should be a bit more careful in my terminology. I propose
in your case, that your BIOS is setting the Top Of Memory register
to the wrong value. It is using too low a value, leaving too little
"free memory" reported in Windows. I don't know of a way to fix
it, unless your motherboard maker has a BIOS update file for you
to install.
It is possible, in the boot.ini, to restrict detected memory.
You should verify you haven't accidentally entered a value
in boot.ini, which is preventing all memory to be detected.
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/833721
/maxmem=number <---- this will restrict "free memory"
Remapping is immaterial, since whether remapping is used or not,
the 32 bit OS can't see the difference. I would need a 64 bit
OS, in order to detect the effects of remapping.
There is one Dell computer, where with a 32 bit OS, they set the
top of memory register to 2GB. If you install 4GB of memory,
you're wasting 2GB of it, and that fact is independent of the
size of video card used. Dell warns that only the usage of a
64 bit OS, fixes this. Apparently this setup is seen on server
motherboards as well, but you're not likely to see a server
motherboard used in a desktop computer. On desktops, the
granularity is in 256MB chunks and you can get closer to
using all of the memory. If you have video cards with lots of
onboard RAM, then the "free memory" reported by Windows 32 bit,
will be corresponding smaller. A person running two Nvidia
512MB video cards in SLI, typically sees a maximum of 2.75GB
free memory when 4GB of RAM is installed. In your case,
there is no giant video card present, so there must be
a bug in the BIOS doing this (wrong Top Of Memory value).
Or, the boot.ini has that "maxmem" option set in it.
Paul