Allen said:
I recall that those old large turntables in radio stations in the 1930s
were much slower than 78, 33.33 or perhaps even 16.67 rpm. The discs would
hold a 15 minute program on one side. This was before microgroove, so the
stylus radius was the same as for 78rpm commercial records.
Actually there was no standard 78 RPM stylis radius. The 0.003" radius
normally encountered was a compromise that worked reasonably well with most
record labels, but in fact the requirement was different between labels.
Here in the UK, Columbia required a 0.0028" stylus and His Master's Voice
required 0.0032". The smallest that I know of was 0.0018" and the largest
0.0042". This latter would barely play with a "standard" 78 stylus. This
is often the reason why home reproduced 78s seem to have distortion on the
louder passages of music. Played with the correct stylus, the distortion
almost disappears. A dedicated 78 collector will most likely have 4 (or
more) styli to cover most of the encountered records. The better cartridge
manufacturers will supply these, though they usually have to be specially
ordered. Steel needles for wind up gramophones generally come in one
radius.