For Windows, use Windows Catalog (Found on Windows Update
Web page). You can download and save them to disk. Most times
they will be coded as their Knowledge Base ID, e.g. Q812400 or
KB812400. You can use Windows Update to scan, then jot down
the required patches and match them to their ID.
For Office, you'll need to download the Administrative updates.
These are for corporate environments, where the updates are on a
Server. They aren't as easy to locate but do a search on MS web
for IT or Administrative Office updates.