Is the only way to test that the fan is working to obeserve rotation - quiet fan?
To test a 12V DC brushless fan, connect +12V and GND to
the two appropriate wires.
You can use a slightly lower voltage, and the fan will
still spin. I use a 9V transistor radio battery and a battery
clip with two wires on the end. That is suitable for a quick
test of lower amperage fans (maybe 100mA type).
My largest fan draws 12V @ 1A, and to test that, I'd
need to use my 12V adapter.
A brushless DC motor, has a small circuit board, which
commutates the voltage as the fan spins. As such, it is
pretty difficult to test from the outside. It's not
like doing some kind of windings check, on an AC motor.
Just apply a voltage and test it, is the best.
Paul