There are a few things involved that would need to be set up. First, the
operating system and all of the software you have installed would need to be
on both systems (Photoshop, Office, etc.). Second, if you are wanting them
to be identical, you would need to set up the organization, options and
preferences. Then you could use a tool like Karen's replicator, or
Microsoft's Synctoy to coordinate the data files (documents, presentations,
spreadsheets, data files from other tools like Quicken, Photoshop, etc.).
I always come back to my second favorite question. "What problem are you
trying to solve?". If it is just a backup. or the ability to transfer a
file that you want to use on the other system, the first two steps in this
process may be unnecessary.