Almost nothing in the system can cause a sudden shutdown and generally it is
a hardware issue. It may be anything from a faulty power supply to faulty
CPU/RAM or even over heating.
However to rule out a possibility of an malicious or faulty application
causing an issue you can try the following
1) Set the OS to not automatically reboot at a fault. Generally at a
bluescreen the system will reboot the system automatically. Geerally ASR or
automatic system reboot on some hardware can cause this without even showing
you a blusecreen. To disable ASR, read your hardware manual or at system
startup go to BIOS settings and ensure ASR is disabled. Secondly at the OS
level disable this by opening system settings from the control
panel>>advanced tab>>startup and recovery options, and disable "automatically
restart the system at system failure.
2) Also download autoruns from sysinternals.com and run it. From the options
menu, choose "hide microsoft entries". from each tab other than the drivers
and everything tab, disable any non critical entries that do not have a
publisher entry. Perform this step very carefully, any critical entry if
wrongly disabled can leave your system unbootable. If you are not sure please
skip this step. If you end up with a no reboot state, while booting up,
choose "last known good configuration".
3) Reboot the system and then check the behavior.
Some hardware manufacturers provide the ability to scan hardware for issues.
In Vista you have the option to check the memory at bootup. There are some
third party freeware applications that also provide the ability to scan the
system for hardware issues.