You don't. It's entirely up to the program how it starts. Windows advises programs what the user prefers but it's up to the program if it pays any attention. You can set the advisory in a shortcut's properties on the shortcut tab in the box that says Run.
You can't. The windows you talk about are all Explorer windows. Explorer honours a user request to start max/normal/min. But the way to tell windows of this preference is through a shortcut's properties. Another thing you can try is this
Explorer.
If you go to HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Folder\shell\open\ddeexec you'll find a DDE string with %S in it. By changing that to a number above you'll force that behaviour. %S is the show state of the current window being passed to the new window. Replacing with a number forces that number's behaviour on new windows..
It doesn't work with IE. And it won't work when you first open a window or indeed most of the time as other things override it.
Like the saved folder settings. You can alter it here as but windows will keep changing it back. You can spend 5 minutes editing the registry, to have the window open minimised once. Hardly worth it. Look at HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\ShellNoRoam\Bags and change showcmd to a number above. Of course the trick is which of the hundreds to change is the right one. But that takes an essay.
So shortcuts is your only options.
In a general sense this is how a window is made.
Windows XP starts the program and tells the program what the user preference is (which only programs can set or a shortcut's properties or a command like start). Some programs pay attention and some don't. The program creates a window telling windows the size/state it want, some programs save this in the registry and restore their last state, others tell window they just want a default sized window at a default location. There are no general rules or preference settings. Each program decides for itself what it does.
For historical reasons most programs will refuse to restore themselves to a maximised state (rude to other programs - but more and more are doing it) and most will refuse to restore a minimised state (in case it confuses the user).
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