There are a number of things which can cause this error - a more specific
error code is found in Windows Update.log which can pinpoint the error more
accurately.
Try some of the steps below:
*    Make sure date and time are correct.
*    Hit 
https://v4.windowsupdate.microsoft.com instead.
*    Delete Windows Update folder in Program Files (hidden folder by
default).  [If you wish to keep previous WU history, do not delete
iuhist.xml in V4 folder]
Internet Options:
*    Add at least one language (General tab, Languages)
*    Delete temporary internet files (General)
*    Make sure security setting for Trusted sites is Low and add WU
addresses to Trusted sites. (Security)
*    Make sure no WU sites are in Restricted (Security)
*    Clear SSL state (Content tab) and Autocomplete (Personal Info)
*    Check use SSL 2.0 and 3.0 (Advanced, Settings)
*    Uncheck Server Cert revocation (Advanced, Security)
Other
*    Unblock port 443
*    If cipher strength = 0 (About Internet Explorer)
http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;261328
*    Disable Spyblocker
*    AOL users - go to WU site via Start button