When adding 3 to A1 Excel coerces the string in A1 to a number and adds 3 to
it. If successful, this process returns a number.
Therefore, a NUMBER is currently in A2 (as opposed to #VALUE, which is what
an unsuccessful coercion would have returned)
A3 contains TEXT. A text value will never equal what only APPEARS to be the
equivalent numerical value UNLESS you convert one or the other.
A2 = A3 returns FALSE (as you discovered)
A2 = Int(A3) returns TRUE (converts A3 to a
number)
A2 = (A3+ 0) returns TRUE (coerces A3 into a
number by applying addition)
TEXT(A2,"mm/dd/yy") = A3 returns TRUE (converts A2 into the appropriate
text format for comparison to A3)
If you change the formula in A2 to:
=TEXT(A1+3,"mm/dd/yy")
you would be coercing text into a number and converting that number back to
text all in one step and A2 = A3 would return TRUE
Hope this helps,