Presumably, since you are still working on the outline, no one else is
reading this book. Therefore, all that matters at this point is whether the
font is a comfortable one for you to look at on screen. When you actually
have a book that someone might read, you can mess about with the appearance.
Then you will apply a template to the entire document, not to an Outline.
There is no such thing as a separate outline in this document. It is not an
independent outlining facility. It is simply a different way of looking at
the text in your document, with some pre-defined commands that make the
necessary formatting easier. It will never look all that nice, because it
isn't designed to be a final product, merely to make the process of creation
a bit simpler.
Somewhere on the Outlining toolbar, there should be an icon that toggles
between formatted headings and plain-text headings, if that helps. It still
won't look very nice, though. You can modify the heading styles to suit the
appearance you want.
http://shaunakelly.com/word/styles/ModifyAStyle.html
About all a "template for a book" would do for you would be to suggest a
couple of fonts. Most other elements are either pre-defined in any Word
document, or dependent on your choice and what you intend to do with the
book. However, nearly everything a template might provide is usually going
to be determined by the eventual publisher.