You have a troubleshooting guid and somewhat of a definition as a response
already.. Here is another definition - and perhaps a resource for you to use
to look up other terms you want to know about:
ntldr = NT Loader, the boot loader for NT-based Windows systems. NT (New
Technology) is the core of this version of Windows, derived from the NT core
used in the first business class version of Windows, and incorporating the
multimedia aspects of the 9x core.