The quick and dirty way I've done it in the past is set my email
accounts to check the "Leave a copy of messages on the server" option
under the "Advanced" tab under "More Settings" on your email account
settings. What this will do is leave copies on your mail server, so
when both computers check the email server, they will both get the
message. This is if you are using POP3.
Another option is to use IMAP, is stores all messages, folders,
changes, etc on the mail server. This makes Outlook more like a email
viewer than actually downloading emails to your computer. However, many
email providers don't provide IMAP due to it is more resource intensive
on the mail server.
However, if there is a more advanced Outlook intergration setup somehow
to Sync the two computer through Outlook, then I don't know. I
personally just leave copies of email on the server using POP3, this
way if my PC dies, instead of losing all my emails it will re-download
them.
Hope this helps.