No, but there is a maximum total size for an Access database.
Access 97: 1 Gb.
Access 2000 and later: 2 Gb.
The above includes all data, forms, reports, etc.
There is no explicit limit (see Fred's post for database size limits);
in practice, if you've got over some 10,000,000 records in the largest
table you should be seriously thinking about client-server. The
breakpoint might be higher or lower depending on the specifics of your
application.