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What follows is text posted on BearWare's Security Page. Comments and
suggestions welcomed. For the links: http://bearware.info/security.html BearWare System Management This section will be kept up-to-date as security management techniques and tools often change. BearWare Absolutely Required Plan Everyone who owns a computer should at the very minimum: Make and keep current a clean system image. Recommended programs: EaseUS Todo Backup or Macrium Reflect. Use online file storage to automatically backup your data files real-time. Recommended: SugarSync. BearWare Minimal Security Plan I don't know about you, but I detest constant fiddling and management of my computer. I want to use it with the least hassle and "noise" but also have it be completely self reliant. I've always sought out a balance between the most effective and the simplest management theme. What follows is the four step theme I am currently using. What it may lack with additional security tools with much more "noise" is more than made up for with a system image and automatic real-time data protection. Make and keep current a clean system image with EaseUS Todo Backup. Use SugarSync to automatically backup or restore your data files real-time. Use PandaCloud Antivirus Beta. Use Windows Firewall. Comprehensive Security Plan A security plan that first covers recovery, and data protection is key. Have a current image of your operating system and files. Backup your data off-site regularly preferably in real-time. Use a Anti-Keylogger. Have a Identity Theft Plan. Have a financial transaction plan such as PayPal or MyProtect (especially with Credit/Debit cards.) Anything truly sensitive, keep it encrypted and off of any computer that is connected to the net. Use anti-virus, anti-spyware, and firewall tools to help reduce events requiring recovery from malware. Just about any of the top free tools are good enough. Just remember, the bad guys are always one step ahead and there are no silver bullets for 100% protection. Your computer being hosed beyond use or a critical hardware failure is not the most important issue. An image of your system or a hardware component replacement easily remedies that. The issue is protecting yourself from financial harm, sensitive data being compromised, or data loss. PRIVACY Remember: There is no privacy on the Internet and you can only protect yourself by not doing or divulging some things at all. Identity Theft and Financial protection plans are crucial. IDENTITY THEFT Some of the better identity protection companies are LifeLock, IDENTITY GUARD, TrustedID, ID Watchdog, and Guard Dog ID. These are not free though important, as identity theft is one of the most serious and numerous threats today. Research the companies available and choose one. Identity Theft Labs Top Ten Reviews TomUse.com FINANCIAL TRANSACTION PLAN Be sure all financial transactions are with trusted sites and an HTTPS connection (secure web connection) such as https://website rather than http://website. Also, secure web browser services are available. One such new free service is very good: MyProtect. A history of MyProtect can be found here. KEYLOGGERS Keyloggers are one of the more serious threats and a good free program to DETECT AND PREVENT them is SpyShelter which uses special algorithms to protect your data against Spy and monitoring software that are used to steal or reveal your data to other parties such as extremely dangerous and custom-made keyloggers. It actively scans when any spy program, keylogger or Trojan attempts to store your private information. It is designed to be compatible with other well-known security products such as anti-virus and firewall software. System protection (HIPS), Anti -keylogger, AntiScreenCapture, and AntiClipboardCapture. Minimal resource usage. It can be configured to launch an on screen keyboard when logging into your system. A better on screen keyboard than what comes with Windows to use with SpyShelter or anytime you type secure information is SafeKeys. IMAGING YOUR SYSTEM Imaging your system is the single most important thing anyone who owns a computer should do first and foremost. The single most important aspect of a computer recovery due to any catastrophe is to be able to restore your entire system easily. There is no silver bullet or suite of software that can guarantee you will not become infected or prevent hardware failure. There is no guarantee or certain way to know that you will be able to clean all of the malware if you become infected and even so, that process can actually take longer than restoring an image to your computer. Making an image of your system is the surest, fastest and best solution to recover from hardware failure or malware infections. It is also something ANYONE can do easily regardless of their level of technical knowledge. The act of restoring an image, completely erases the contents of your hard drive/partition and rewrites the entire contents of the image over it. If this image is an image of your active partition (partition on a hard drive set as the bootable partition and contains the operating system - usually c:/) it will completely restore your system as it was at the time you made your image. Making an image of your system can reduce complete system restoration time to thirty minutes or less. You will not need operating system or factory restoration disks, or computer manufacturer restoration features to re-stage your computer - simply restore the image. This is the best overall protection you can have. I cannot stress the importance of this enough. I recommend making an image and restoring it to your system as soon as possible so you gain confidence with imaging. First you should obtain an external hard drive and create image backup folders on that device. (You can use CD/DVDs to copy your images to, however, multiple CD/DVDs will be needed and how many depends on how large your drive is.) Before you make an image, update your programs, run deep scans with your antivirus and manual scanners, clean and defragment your machine in order to get as clean an image as possible. Ideally you start with a factory fresh installation of everything. However for starters, don't worry about cleaning up. MAKE A SYSTEM IMAGE! When you get around to cleaning up or if you decide to restage for a fresh start, then make a new image. That first image may save you if you are procrastinating. Your only other option if catastrophe happens is completely restage your computer which may take days of your undivided attention versus 30 minutes to restore an image and all you do is wait till it's finished. Download and install your backup imaging program. I recommend EaseUS Todo Backup. which is a one-click system imaging tool. It can mage an entire system state including the operating system and installed applications on-the-fly without interrupting your work. You can also choose to back up separate partitions, specified files, network shared files, files in use, folders or specific file types. Provides alternatives to perform full backups each time by offering incremental backup and differential backup. The feature of "recover to dissimilar hardware" can simplify system migration with restoring a system to dissimilar hardware configuration for hardware replacement under a WinPE recovery environment. Full backup disks, partitions or dynamic volumes to image. It ensures PC security and instant data recovery in case of any data loss. Schedule a backup task, your system and important data can be backed up now, daily, weekly, monthly. Clone or transfer all the data on a hard disk to another. Clone disk is especially useful to upgrade your hard drive to a new one without reinstalling operating systems and applications. Size: 311MB. Win 2000/XP/Vista/2008/7. Making an image is just too easy to do. First, make a boot CD with Todo and then test it. Put the boot CD in your CD drive and reboot your machine. It should boot up to the Todo restore program. Then take the boot CD out and reboot back to your system. Next, make a folder on your external hard drive and name it. Then use the wizard in Todo to make an image and choose your operating system drive (usually drive C:/) and point it to your external HD folder you made...and go. That's it. If you want to restore a image, boot to your boot CD and choose the restore feature. Just point to the image on your external HD and then point it to restore to drive C:/ (or whatever partition you imaged) and go. That's it. In 30 minutes, your system is restored to the way it was when you made the image. With such, it's easier to recover than clean. You will never need anyone's help again if/when your machine becomes infected or slows down, are you encounter a hardware failure. There are quite a few tutorials on YouTube illustrating how to use EaseUS Todo Backup. Tip: Keep the last few images you make as you may discover a corrupt image or make a dirty image (system not clean when you make the image). Tip: If you are not sure your system is clean, it may be worth the effort to re-stage your computer with your factory restoration CDs or on hard drive restoration factory images, reload the Windows updates, reinstall your programs, data files and settings and then make an image. This may take a long time, but it is worth having an image of your computer in a pristine state. Just image your system before you re-stage so you have access to files etc. after your re-stage. Tip: Maintain at least three images of your system. Insure you always have a current /clean image. When your system changes significantly, make a new image but always keep the previous image as a backup. Make a clean factory install image with all of your installed programs that is updated periodically to keep up with the security updates and new installs. VERY IMPORTANT! If your machine ever becomes infected, investigate it and remove the infections if possible and you may continue using the computer until you decide to make a permanent system change that would prompt you to make a new Image. Before you make that change, reload the most current image, make the change and then make a new Image. Never Image a system that was previous infected and cleaned as you can never be certain all of the infection was removed. BACKING UP YOUR DATA My preferred choice of protecting my data files in between images, is to use SugarSync. I use SugarSync (5GB of storage) to sync MyDocuments folder which contains all of my datafiles and portable programs. Therefore there is no need to make incremental backups of data files between images. SugarSync is automatic real-time backup of the data in the folders you point it to. If you restore an image, SugarSync will automatically update those folders and files to your older image files. If you choose not to use such services or such isn't suitable for your needs, use backup software between images like FreeFileSync routinely to sync your data files to a different folder than your backup Images folder on your external hard drive. This will help make reverting to your last image more painless if you ever have to do so and those backed-up data files you changed since the last image can be then restored back to your system after you load your image. Just remember, FreeFileSync is not real-time backup, though it can be scheduled. Your important data should always be backed-up off-site or online, though some people decide to use methods such as 'fireproof containers" which could still become lost, stolen or receive damage. Also, truly sensitive data should never be kept on computers/storage that allows or has Internet access. SugarSync I've used SugarSync since it became available and I can attest that it is as reliable as any Cloud real-time autosync service available. SugarSync will automatically sync any folders you point to and offers 5GB free storage (and up to 10GB with referrals.) It also gives you access to these folders via all of your devices and any computer with an Internet connection. I pointed SugarSync to my PC's My Documents folder in which I keep folders containing all of my data files, including portable programs, music and video, etc. If you install SugarSync on your Android or iPhone as well as your computer, all of your pictures or video created with your phone are automatically saved to SugarSync which you can access from all of your other devices. SugarSync is a way for users that work with a lot of files (music, documents, pictures) and multiple computers (a combination of laptops, desktops, cell phones) to keep all of those things in sync via online storage. You can also, from anyone's computer or device, upload files to your "My SugarSync Website" where it will become immediately available to all of your computers or devices connected to your SugarSync account once it synchronizes with those devices. You can also point torrent downloads to those folders from any computer or device. The Magic Briefcase is a folder whose files will remain identical across all the computers that are being backed up. So say you have two computers, and you're between the two a lot while working on a project, you can keep your project files in the Magic Briefcase, to ensure that whenever you set to work on the project, that you're working on the latest and most current version of the files. The Web Archive feature segregates a file out from the rest of the synchronization activities between your computers and SugarSync. So, say you're working on a multiple file Word document, and you particularly like this specific version of one of the documents, you may elect to archive that document, then and there, and the file will be frozen in time, set aside in the archive, for you to refer to, download whenever you want. Be sure to manage your deleted files folder on SugarSync as files you delete remain in that folder until you *permanently* delete them, thus still taking up storage space. This is a great feature to help prevent accidental deletion of files but must be managed to recover storage space eventually. One of the cool features to SugarSync is the quick and easy way to socialize straight away from the site's folders. For instance, you'll find that once your photos have been backed up to the cloud, that each file and folder is given the opportunity to share the pic with your Facebook friends. You can also share your files the "old fashioned" way, by email. And like you can with other file sharing and online storage services, you can set files to a status of Private or Public. You can also set up private shared folders. These folders work much the same way shared folders do on other online storage and file sharing services. You set up the folder either through the desktop app or through the website, and then you invite users to come and collaborate and share files within that folder only. You can elect to continuously back up and synchronize the folder with a specific folder on any of the computers that you're backing up with SugarSync, or you can just upload files to that shared folder manually; it's really up to you. With SugarSync, your MP3 collection housed on your PC follows you, wherever you go. Stream you DRM-free MP3s and M4As to your other computers or even your iPhone or iPod touch or Android using SugarSync. Remember, you're streaming the files from SugarSync, not your home PC; so even with your computer turned off, you can still listen to your favorite artists from another location. Similarly, your photos can now follow you, too. SugarSync not only backs up your photos, but also creates online galleries for you to share with your friends. No longer do you have to backup your photos to one spot, and upload them again somewhere else to share them. The enhanced Photo Gallery makes browsing through your photos a breeze. Since this is a synchronizing system, when you take a photo with your phone, it's sent to SugarSync, and it's also downloaded to your computer. The key role that SugarSync plays for your computer is the real-time autosync of all of your data files and programs in the folders you point SugarSync to. If you ever have to restore an Image of your operating system, for whatever reason, all of these data files will automatically download the most recent files to those folders once you boot to the restored image. All of these files automatically take care of themselves. IMO, SugarSync is one of the top three most important things a person should do to become self-reliant with their computer. Those are: Image your computer. Use the likes of SugarSync to automatically protect your data. Use any decent combination of AntiVirus, AntiSpyware, and firewall. CX Cloud Storage If you need additional free storage beyond that of SugarSync: CX is secure cloud storage, real-time auto-syncing, public and private sharing, interactive group collaboration, and intelligent discovery. 10GB free and get up to 16GB total with referrals. Mac, IPad, Windows. Android coming soon. What I like about CX Cloud Storage is 10GB of real-time auto-sync'd free storage out of the box with referral upgrade to 16GB. I recommend it's use if you need more real-time auto-sync'd free storage than the 5GB to 10GB SugarSync offers or store specific categories of files such as media. ADrive Cloud Storage Another way to free up your real-time auto-sync Cloud Storage accounts is to use ADrive for your static or rarely used files. ADrive Features 50GB free Cloud Storage. There is no synchronization so it is similar to an external hard drive, safer (off-site) but slower. It does have Universal Access, File Sharing (free account shared links expire after two weeks), Folder/Directory Upload, File Download, and an Easy Search Tool. It is not suitable for streaming music or video IMO. Google Music Google Music offers both a locker service and a store, along with a limited ability to share songs for free with Google+ users. It allows you to upload and stream your music for free and store 20,000 songs. The key is that if you have an Android phone or device, you now have an excellent free choice for streaming and sharing music and you can free up some of your SugarSync or CX storage space. Here is an article at Softonic on How To Setup Google Music. ANTIVIRUS, ANTISPYWARE AND FIREWALL SUITE Standalone Suite Comodo Internet Security OR AntiVirus Suite avast! Firewall Comodo Firewall Anti KeyLogger SpyShelter Anti Malware HIPS WinPatrol or ThreatFire ALTERNATE ANTI-VIRUS Suite AntiVirus Panda Cloud Antivirus Beta The new Panda Cloud Antivirus Beta is here which also incorporates a full fledged firewall with application and system rules. ALTERNATE FIREWALL Windows firewall is good enough, but if you want more control though much noisier, use Comodo Firewall (without the antivirus) instead of Windows firewall. KEEP YOUR SOFTWARE UP-TO-DATE Vulnerable and out-dated programs and plug-ins expose your PC to attacks. Attacks exploiting vulnerable programs and plug-ins are rarely blocked by traditional anti-virus and are therefore increasingly "popular" among criminals. The only solution to block these kind of attacks is to apply security updates, commonly referred to as patches. Patches are offered free-of-charge by most software vendors, however, finding all these patches is a tedious and time consuming task. I recommend Secunia PSI as it automates these necessary updates and alerts you when your programs and plug-ins require updating to stay secure. ROUTINE MALWARE MANUAL SCANS Perform routine manual scans periodically with Emsisoft Anti Malware Scanner, Comodo Cleaning Essentials and Malwarebytes. To check for and clean rootkit infections run a scan with Gmer Anti-Rootkit and let it walk you through removal if it finds any rootkits. REMOVING INFECTIONS Many system tools can disable your operating system, especially attempting to clean malware or registries. First and foremost always have a current clean image of your system and your data automatically real-time backed up via the likes of SugarSync (or an external hard drive but preferably off-site). After that, if your machine becomes infected...simply restore your image, your data files will take care of themselves. If you do this, you won't ever need help from anyone restoring your system. If you don't have a current clean image and your machine becomes infected, the first thing you should immediately do is disconnect that machine from the Internet. Then make an image of the infected machine so you have the ability to recover if cleaning tools disable your system, which also will preserve your files for recovery after re-staging. Cleaning a machine is a temporary fix and it is best to re-stage your system (which takes many hours and sometimes days) as soon as possible as you can never be sure you have completely cleaned all of the infections. Of course, if you want to attempt to clean your machine for informative purposes by all means do so, but after you are done, re-load your latest clean system image, as you can never be sure an infected machine has been thoroughly cleaned without many hours of expert inspection of every file on the computer. Re-loading an image only takes a few minutes, very little effort and you won't need help - I can't stress the importance of imaging enough. If you think you are infected, perform a deep scan with your anti-virus and then with the above manual scanners. If you are infected which is causing management issues in normal mode, you can try to clean these infections with the above scanners by booting your system into SAFE-MODE (without networking) by re-booting and pressing F8 during boot and be sure to use safe-mode without networking. Tip: Sometimes malware will prevent these programs from running and a good trick is to rename the executable file before running it. Article Malware Removal Guide for Windows will help you clean your computer of malware. If you think your computer is infected with a virus or some other malicious software, you may want to use this guide. It contains instructions that, if done correctly and in order, will remove most malware infections on a Windows operating system. It highlights the tools and resources that are necessary to clean your system. Malware is a general term for any malicious software, including viruses, Trojans, rootkits, spyware and adware. RESCUE CD SARDU (Shardana Antivirus Rescue Disk Utility) can build one multi-boot support CD, DVD or a USB device. The disk or USB device may include comprehensive collections of "antivirus rescue CD", collections of utilities, popular distributions of Linux Live, the best known Windows PE , recovery disks and Install of Windows XP , Windows Vista and Windows Seven. All you need for troubleshooting. SARDU does include a few utilities, but is primarily a tool for managing the software (ISO image files) that you download from other companies and developers, which can be also done with this tool. Video Example by Mr Izos Video Example by Languy99 in three parts (older version of SARDU but shows you how to use it.) VIDEO 1rst part VIDEO 2nd part VIDEO 3rd part There is no antimalware program(s) that is bullet proof...therefore more important to have real time back up of your data and portable programs, and a very current image of your system. Why...because *when* you become infected, it takes more time to try to clean than re-image, and you can never be certain you've cleaned it all. If you do not have such a plan, SARDU is the best type of approach to cleaning. Trying to use programs to clean your system while your system is booted is definitely a crap shoot. If you have such a recovery plan, just about any decent anti-malware program could be used. I mean it's not like any of them are bullet proof so it's a crap shoot. You might have the best AV in the world and happen across the one malware that defeats it...bang. You might use the worst and never come across malware that defeats it. It's a crap shoot. Tip: If you are so heavily infected requiring rescue CD's, it is much faster and more reliable to use the backup Image you made with EaseUS Todo Backup and restore your computer to the last image you made in 30 minutes or less. You must however, boot with the EaseUS Todo Backup boot CD to restore your image. PASSWORD AND FORM MANAGEMENT LastPass is the most secure solution for encrypted automated password management, and form filler. There is also nothing easier to use to manage your passwords with as many features although some folks prefer computer based programs such as KeePass. Steve Gibson, renowned security expert, reviews LastPass in depth in a podcast. Here is a text transcription of that podcast. DNS PROXY Google Public DNS allows you to use Google's DNS servers coupled with their malware databases which block websites known to contain malware. This gives you an additional layer of security without adding additional burden to your system resources. It is also faster and has more valid results than your ISPs. Look up how to change your DNS settings for your particular operating system. WIFI ENCRYPTION If you use wireless connections in your home network, it is imperative that you encrypt the connection. Anyone within range of your wireless transmission could connect to your network and use it or capture your computing sessions. WEP is no longer recommended. The FBI has demonstrated that WEP can be cracked in just a few minutes using software tools that are readily available over the Internet. Even a long random character password will not protect you with WEP. You should be using WPA or preferably WPA2 encryption. Check with your WiFi router manual to determine how to do this. To encrypt your Wifi, reset the wireless router to factory: press and hold reset 20 seconds. On the main computer connected by wire to the router, use any browser and go to 192.168.1.1 to enter management page. The router's login password is usually on one of the "Administration" pages. The other settings are all found in the "Wireless" section of the router's setup pages, located at 192.168.1.1. DEFAULT USER NAME LOGINS: Linksys BEFW11S4 or WRT54G= admin Linksys EtherFast Cable/DSL Ethernet routers= Administrator Linksys Comcast routers= comcast All other Linksys routers= [none]. DEFAULT LOGIN PASSWORDS: Linksys BEFW11S4= [none] Linksys Comcast routers= 1234 All other Linksys routers= admin. First, give your router a unique SSID. Don't use "linksys". Make sure "SSID Broadcast" is set to "disabled". MAC Authentication should be applied. Next, leave the router at its default settings (except for the unique SSID), and then use a configured as above pc to connect wirelessly to the router. Test your wireless Internet connection and make sure it is working correctly. You must have a properly working wireless connection before setting up wireless security. To implement wireless security, you need to do one step at a time, then verify that you can still connect your wireless computer to the router. Next, select to encrypt your wireless system using the highest level of encryption that all of your wireless devices will support. Common encryption methods are: WEP - poor WPA (sometimes called PSK, or WPA with TKIP) - good WPA2 (sometimes called PSK2, or WPA with AES) - best. WPA and WPA2 sometimes come in versions of "personal" and "enterprise". Most home users should use "personal". Also, if you have a choice between AES and TKIP, and your wireless equipment is capable of both, choose AES. With any encryption method, you will need to supply a key (sometimes called a "passphrase" ). The wireless devices (computers, printers, etc.) that you have will need to be set up with the SSID, encryption method, and key that matches what you entered in the router. Retest your system and verify that your wireless Internet connection is still working correctly. And don't forget to give your router a new login password. Picking Passwords (keys): You should never use a dictionary word as a password. If you use a dictionary word as a password, even WPA2 can be cracked in a few minutes. When you pick your login password and encryption key (or password or passphrase) you should use a random combination of capital letters, small letters, numbers, and characters but no spaces. A login password, should be 12 characters or more. WPA and WPA2 passwords should be at least 24 characters. Note: Your key, password, or passphrase must not have any spaces in it. Most home users should have their routers set so that "remote management" of the router is disabled. If you must have this option enabled, then your login password must be increased to a minimum of 24 random characters. One additional issue is that Windows XP requires a patch to run WPA2. Go to Microsoft Knowledge base, article ID=917021 and it will direct you to the patch. Sadly, the patch is not part of the automatic Windows XP updates, so lots of people are missing the patch. A wireless Router with a Full FireWall implementation is best. Then only the operating system's stock FireWall is needed and the LAN nodes will have more resources available. A Router FireWall is stronger and more secure than a software firewall. Routers PcWinTech ON-LINE HELP If you believe you are infected and want on-line help (if you can go on-line), go to one of the free tech support forums listed in my Tech Support Section (I prefer TechSupportGuy,) post your issue and let them walk you through cleaning. However, RESTORING THE LAST CLEAN IMAGE of your computer is the surest and fastest solution. Prey Project Prey lets you keep track of your phone or laptop at all times, and will help you find it if it ever gets lost or stolen. It's lightweight, open source software, and free for anyone to use. And it just works. With everything set up, you can log into the web site and see a list of all the devices you're tracking. And that's all there is to it. Until, of course, one of those devices gets stolen. At which point, log into the web site again and mark the device as missing. Or, if the device is a Smartphone, send it an SMS message that contains the secret word you specified when you installed the client app on it. Prey Project introduction from Carlos Yaconi on Vimeo. Once the device has been instructed to go into "missing" mode by the Prey web site, the installed client springs into action, and does whatever you've told it to do. If the device has the ability to work out its location, either via the mobile phone network or GPS, it'll send you a map of where it currently is. If there's a webcam on there, you can tell it to take a photo of the current user and display that on the web site too. Or, you can have it take regular screen shots instead. Needless to say, you can also protect your data. You can remotely lock the device or delete the files on it. And it's worth remembering that such software isn't just useful for tracking stolen hardware. If you'd like to know where your kids are, or perhaps you want to keep an eye on an elderly relative who values their freedom to roam, Prey will do it. As for the morals regarding how you use it, and on whom, that's entirely up to you. Right now, Prey lets you track three devices free. If you want to track more devices for free, simply create another account with a different email address. CONCLUSION At the very minimum, keep a current clean image of your computer and use AV/AS/Firewall software. Also, backup your data files and portable programs off-site with such as SugarSync real-time backup. Restore the image if you get into trouble. Your data files and portable programs will take care of themselves via SugarSync. -- Bear http://bearware.info Must Do: System image and automatic real-time off-site data backup Recommended tools: EaseUS Todo Backup and SugarSync |
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